Abdominal Pain with Vomiting and Fever

CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL

Condition	Causes	Symptoms and Signs	Confirmatory Diagnosis
Gastroenteritis	Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, commonly of viral or bacterial origin.	Abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, diarrhoea, and dehydration.	Stool analysis for pathogen detection and cultures.
Food Poisoning	Consumption of contaminated food with bacteria or toxins.	Abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, diarrhoea, and gastrointestinal symptoms.	Stool analysis and cultures to identify the causal agent.
Urinary Tract Infections (with or without Pyelonephritis)	Infection of the urinary tract, affecting the bladder (cystitis) or kidneys (pyelonephritis).	Lower abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, dysuria, and urinary symptoms.	Urinalysis to detect leucocytes and bacteria. Urine culture confirms infection.
Acute Appendicitis	Inflammation of the appendix, often secondary to obstruction.	Localised pain in the right lower quadrant, vomiting, fever, and signs of peritoneal irritation.	Abdominal CT scan is the diagnostic test of choice for evaluating appendicitis.
Mesenteric Adenitis	Inflammation of the mesenteric lymph nodes, usually due to viral or bacterial infections.	Abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, and palpation of enlarged lymph nodes.	Abdominal ultrasound may reveal inflamed lymph nodes.
Non-Specific Abdominal Pain	A variety of conditions causing abdominal pain with no clear underlying cause.	Diffuse abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, and absence of specific findings.	Requires thorough evaluation to rule out other causes.
Hepatitis	Inflammation of the liver, which can be viral, toxic, or autoimmune.	Right upper quadrant pain, vomiting, fever, jaundice, and systemic symptoms.	Blood tests to assess liver function and detect viral markers.
Toxic Shock Syndrome	Reaction to bacterial toxins, commonly associated with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes infections.	Abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, hypotension, rash, and multisystem involvement.	Identification of bacterial toxins in blood and cultures confirms the diagnosis.
Lobar Pneumonia	Acute infection of the lung parenchyma.	Abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, productive cough, and pulmonary auscultation findings.	Chest X-ray confirms the presence of pulmonary consolidation.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	Infection of the upper genital tract, commonly associated with sexually transmitted diseases.	Lower abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, dyspareunia, and signs of pelvic irritation.	Pelvic exam and laboratory tests, including cultures and blood analysis, are essential.
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome	Disorder affecting the kidneys, often triggered by intestinal infections, especially Escherichia coli.	Abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, haemolytic anaemia, and renal failure.	Blood tests to assess kidney function and detect markers of haemolysis.
Malaria	Parasitic infection transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Plasmodium.	Abdominal pain, vomiting, intermittent fever, and systemic symptoms.	Thick blood smear and PCR are specific methods for identifying Plasmodium.