Anal Inflammation

CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL

Anal inflammation is a common condition that can be caused by a variety of disorders, including infectious, inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplastic processes.

This inflammation may present with pain, itching, swelling, and other symptoms that significantly affect the patient’s quality of life.

Identifying the underlying cause is essential for providing appropriate treatment and relieving symptoms. A detailed clinical evaluation, along with appropriate diagnostic tests, is crucial to determine the precise etiology of anal inflammation.

Pathology	Symptoms and Clinical Signs	Suspicion Diagnosis	Confirmatory Diagnosis
Prolapsed Internal Hemorrhoids	Pain, bleeding, itching, perianal lumps that protrude during defecation	Clinical history, physical examination	Anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy
Acute Anal Fissure	Severe pain during defecation, bleeding, anal spasm	Clinical history, physical examination	Anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy
Spontaneous Perianal Hematoma	Painful lump, swelling, minor bleeding	Clinical history, physical examination	Endoanal ultrasound, MRI
Perianal Abscess	Severe pain, fever, swelling, purulent discharge	Clinical history, physical examination	Endoanal ultrasound, MRI, culture of discharge
Rectal Prolapse	Visible protrusion of rectal tissue, pain, fecal incontinence	Clinical history, physical examination, Valsalva maneuver	Sigmoidoscopy, MRI