MANUAL MINORS
The elbow is a complex joint that connects the humerus with the radius and ulna. Due to its role in arm movement and force transfer, it is prone to various injuries. Below are the most common elbow injuries and their management:
Category | Description |
Fractures | |
Olecranon Fracture | Occurs in the posterior part of the ulna, often due to direct trauma or falling on the elbow. It causes severe pain and limits movement. |
Humeral Condyle Fracture | Affects the distal part of the humerus and may involve the elbow joint. Caused by direct impact or falls, it can complicate with joint injuries. |
Proximal Radius or Ulna Fracture | Fractures near the elbow, often from falls or direct trauma. May be associated with ligament injuries or fractures in other parts of the forearm. |
Supracondylar Humerus Fracture | Common in children, usually from falling on an outstretched arm. Requires proper evaluation to prevent long-term complications. |
Sprains and Strains | |
Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain | Affects the inner elbow ligaments, common in sports involving throwing or repetitive motions. Can range from mild stretching to complete tears. |
Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain | Affects the outer elbow, caused by sudden movements or trauma. May require immobilisation and physiotherapy for recovery. |
Tendon Injuries | |
Tendinitis | Inflammation of tendons in the elbow, such as the biceps tendon or extensors (tennis elbow), due to overuse or repetitive movements. |
Biceps Tendon Rupture | A severe injury that can occur at the proximal or distal tendon, causing intense pain, arm weakness, and visible deformity. |
Nerve Injuries | |
Ulnar Nerve Compression | Occurs at the elbow, causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the ring and little fingers. It can result from injury or repetitive movements. |
Radial Nerve Injury | Results from humerus fractures or direct trauma, causing weakness in wrist or finger extension and loss of sensation on the back of the hand. |
Dislocations | |
Elbow Dislocation | Displacement of the elbow bones from their normal position, usually from direct trauma or a fall. Can be partial (subluxation) or complete. Requires reduction and immobilisation. |
Management Protocol
Initial Evaluation: Quickly assess the severity of the injury, checking for open fractures, obvious deformities, and signs of vascular or neurological compromise. Evaluate pain, mobility, and elbow function.
Diagnostic Imaging: X-rays are essential to confirm fractures and assess bone alignment. In cases of complex injuries or suspected ligament damage, CT scans or MRIs may be necessary.
Initial Treatment: Include immobilisation with a splint or cast, pain management with analgesics, and arm elevation to reduce swelling. For dislocations, reduction is required.
Surgical Intervention: In displaced fractures, open fractures, severe ligament tears, or tendon ruptures, surgery may be necessary to correct alignment and stabilise the injury.
Follow-up and Rehabilitation: Physiotherapy is crucial for restoring elbow strength and function. Regular follow-ups are necessary to ensure proper recovery and to prevent long-term stiffness or weakness.
Each elbow injury requires specific evaluation and treatment to ensure optimal recovery and restore arm function.
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