CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL
Elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP) is a clinical sign indicating increased pressure in the central venous system, particularly in the jugular vein, reflecting fluid overload or cardiac dysfunction. This condition may indicate various cardiac, pulmonary, and vascular pathologies, and its detection is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and management of these diseases.
Pathology | Suspected Diagnosis | Confirmatory Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
Fluid overload | Jugular distention, peripheral oedema, ascites. | Blood tests (electrolytes, renal function), echocardiogram. |
Congestive heart failure | Dyspnoea, fatigue, jugular distention, peripheral oedema. | Echocardiogram, blood tests (BNP), chest X-ray. |
Cor pulmonale | Dyspnoea, cyanosis, jugular distention, peripheral oedema. | Echocardiogram, pulmonary function tests, chest X-ray. |
Atrial fibrillation | Palpitations, dyspnoea, fatigue, jugular distention. | Electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram. |
Complete heart block | Bradycardia, syncope, jugular distention. | Electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor. |
Tricuspid regurgitation | Holosystolic murmur, hepatomegaly, jugular distention. | Echocardiogram, blood tests. |
Pericardial effusion | Chest pain, dyspnoea, pulsus paradoxus, jugular distention. | Echocardiogram, chest CT or MRI. |
Constrictive pericarditis | Chest pain, dyspnoea, pulsus paradoxus, jugular distention. | Chest MRI, echocardiogram. |
Jugular vein obstruction | Unilateral jugular distention, neck pain, facial and neck oedema. | Neck and chest CT or MRI, Doppler ultrasound. |
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