MANUAL MINORS
The forearm, extending from the elbow to the wrist, is composed of two main bones: the radius and the ulna. Its structure allows for a wide range of movements but also makes it susceptible to various injuries.
Category | Description |
|---|---|
Fractures | |
Distal Radius Fracture | A fracture near the wrist, often caused by a fall onto an outstretched hand. It may be a Colles’ fracture (dorsal displacement) or Smith’s fracture (volar displacement). |
Ulna Fracture | A fracture near the proximal end close to the elbow (olecranon) or the distal end near the wrist. |
Open Fracture | A fracture where the bone pierces the skin. Immediate attention is required to prevent infection. |
Fracture of Both Bones | Simultaneous fractures of the radius and ulna, often resulting in significant deformity and requiring surgical treatment. |
Sprains and Strains | |
Ligament Sprain | Stretching or tearing of ligaments in the elbow or wrist joint, caused by sudden movements or falls. |
Collateral Ligament Injury | Affect ligaments such as the medial collateral ligament in the elbow, common in sports involving throwing or repetitive motions. |
Tendon Injuries | |
Tendinitis | Inflammation of the extensor or flexor tendons in the forearm due to overuse or repetitive trauma, causing pain and limited movement. |
Tendon Rupture | Complete or partial rupture of tendons such as the thumb extensor or flexors, affecting function and potentially requiring surgery. |
Nerve Injuries | |
Radial Nerve Injury | Results from humerus fractures or direct trauma, causing weakness in wrist or finger extension and loss of sensation on the back of the hand. |
Ulnar Nerve Injury | Occurs near the elbow or wrist, affecting sensation and motor function in the ring and little fingers. |
Median Nerve Injury | Often associated with carpal tunnel syndrome, affecting the ability to grip objects. |
Dislocations | |
Elbow Dislocation | Displacement of the forearm bone at the elbow, typically due to direct trauma or falling on an extended arm. |
Distal Radioulnar Joint Dislocation | Dislocation in the wrist joint, affecting forearm and wrist mobility. |
Management Protocol
Initial Evaluation: Assess the severity of the injury, looking for open fractures, visible deformities, and signs of vascular or neurological compromise. A thorough medical history and physical examination are essential.
Diagnostic Imaging: X-rays are used to confirm fractures. In cases of suspected complex injuries, CT scans or MRIs may be required.
Initial Treatment: Include immobilisation with a splint, pain management with analgesics, and elevation of the forearm to reduce swelling.
Surgical Intervention: In cases of displaced fractures, open fractures, or severe tendon and ligament injuries, surgery may be necessary to correct alignment and stabilise the injury.
Follow-up and Rehabilitation: Physiotherapy is crucial for restoring function and strength in the forearm. Regular follow-ups are needed to ensure proper recovery and prevent long-term complications.
Each forearm injury requires careful evaluation and personalised treatment to optimise recovery and preserve functionality.
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