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Generalised Anxiety

Updated: Sep 20, 2024

CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL



Generalised anxiety is a condition characterised by excessive and persistent worry that is difficult to control and can significantly affect a person’s daily life.


Often, these worries are disproportionate to the actual impact of the events or situations that trigger them. Generalised anxiety can present with a variety of physical and psychological symptoms, making it a complex condition that requires careful evaluation and management.


Pathology

Symptoms and Clinical Signs

Suspected Diagnosis

Confirmed Diagnosis

Generalised anxiety disorder

Excessive worry, restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbances

Detailed clinical history, symptoms persisting for at least 6 months

Clinical interview, self-assessment questionnaires

Panic disorder

Recurrent panic attacks, palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, intense fear

History of sudden and recurrent episodes of intense anxiety

Clinical interview, self-assessment questionnaires, exclusion of other causes

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Anxiety, trembling, sweating, nausea, insomnia, hallucinations

History of chronic alcohol consumption, symptoms following alcohol cessation

Clinical interview, laboratory tests to detect blood alcohol levels

Thyrotoxicosis

Anxiety, weight loss, tremors, sweating, palpitations, heat intolerance

History of hyperthyroidism symptoms, physical examination

Thyroid function tests (TSH, free T4), thyroid scan

Hypoglycaemia

Anxiety, sweating, trembling, hunger, confusion, palpitations

History of episodes associated with low blood glucose

Blood glucose test (fasting and during symptoms)

Phaeochromocytoma

Anxiety, hypertension, palpitations, sweating, headaches, panic episodes

History of episodic symptoms and hypertensive crises

Measurement of urine and plasma metanephrines, CT scan


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