CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL
Murmurs that do not correspond to systole or diastole are abnormal heart sounds that are not confined to these phases of the cardiac cycle. These sounds may indicate the presence of structural or inflammatory pathologies of the heart and large vessels. Detecting these murmurs requires careful evaluation to identify the underlying cause and determine appropriate treatment.
Pathology | Suspected Diagnosis | Confirmatory Diagnosis |
Patent ductus arteriosus | Continuous “machine-like” murmur, dyspnoea, fatigue, cyanosis. | Echocardiogram, ECG, chest X-ray. |
Pericarditis with pericardial friction rub | Chest pain, fever, dyspnoea, audible pericardial friction rub. | ECG, echocardiogram, blood tests, pericardial fluid analysis. |
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