Murmurs Not Corresponding to Systole or Diastole

CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL

Murmurs that do not correspond to systole or diastole are abnormal heart sounds that are not confined to these phases of the cardiac cycle. These sounds may indicate the presence of structural or inflammatory pathologies of the heart and large vessels. Detecting these murmurs requires careful evaluation to identify the underlying cause and determine appropriate treatment.

Pathology	Suspected Diagnosis	Confirmatory Diagnosis
Patent ductus arteriosus	Continuous “machine-like” murmur, dyspnoea, fatigue, cyanosis.	Echocardiogram, ECG, chest X-ray.
Pericarditis with pericardial friction rub	Chest pain, fever, dyspnoea, audible pericardial friction rub.	ECG, echocardiogram, blood tests, pericardial fluid analysis.