Pain on Palpation Localised in the Hypogastrium (Suprapubic Area)

CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL

Condition	Description	Symptoms and Signs	Diagnostic Tests
Cystitis	Inflammation or infection of the bladder, often due to a bacterial infection.	Suprapubic pain, dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, haematuria.	Urinalysis (presence of white blood cells and bacteria), urine culture to identify the causative organism.
Acute Urinary Retention	Sudden inability to empty the bladder, often due to obstruction (e.g., prostate enlargement).	Severe suprapubic pain, inability to urinate, distended bladder, discomfort.	Bladder ultrasound (assessment of urinary retention), catheterisation to relieve retention and confirm diagnosis.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)	Infection of the female reproductive organs, often due to sexually transmitted infections.	Suprapubic pain, fever, vaginal discharge, pain during intercourse, irregular bleeding.	Pelvic exam, cervical swabs for culture, ultrasound to assess reproductive organs for signs of infection.
Diverticulitis	Inflammation or infection of diverticula in the colon, commonly in the sigmoid colon.	Suprapubic pain (usually left-sided), fever, nausea, change in bowel habits.	Abdominal CT scan (to assess inflammation and potential complications), blood tests (elevated white blood cells).
Bladder Stones	Solid masses of minerals that develop in the bladder, often after incomplete emptying of the bladder.	Suprapubic pain, dysuria, blood in the urine, frequent urination, urinary tract infections.	Bladder ultrasound, X-ray or CT scan to identify the presence and size of bladder stones.