Skin Tumours

CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL

Skin tumours are abnormal growths of skin cells that can be either benign or malignant. They can vary in appearance, size, and symptoms, making accurate differentiation crucial for providing appropriate treatment.

Benign tumours, such as seborrheic keratoses and epidermoid cysts, are generally harmless, while malignant tumours, such as basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma, can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Pathology	Suspected Diagnosis	Confirmatory Diagnosis
Seborrheic keratosis	Wart-like, benign lesions, brown or black, with a waxy surface.	Physical examination, dermatoscopy.
Epidermoid cyst	Firm, mobile subcutaneous nodules with a central pore.	Physical examination, ultrasound, biopsy.
Milia	Small white or yellow cysts on the face, especially around the eyes.	Physical examination, dermatoscopy.
Dermatofibroma	Firm nodules, usually on the limbs, may be painful to the touch.	Physical examination, biopsy.
Pyogenic granuloma	Red, fleshy lesions that bleed easily.	Physical examination, biopsy.
Keloid	Raised, firm growths on previous scars, with irregular borders.	Physical examination, biopsy.
Campbell de Morgan spots	Small red spots on the skin, benign and common in older adults.	Physical examination, dermatoscopy.
Lipoma	Soft, mobile subcutaneous nodules, usually painless.	Physical examination, ultrasound, biopsy.
Chondrodermatitis nodularis	Painful nodules on the ear, with central ulceration.	Physical examination, biopsy.
Keratoacanthoma	Rapidly growing lesion with a crateriform centre, often mistaken for carcinoma.	Physical examination, biopsy.
Basal cell carcinoma	Pearly lesion with raised edges and telangiectasias, central ulceration.	Skin biopsy, dermatoscopy.
Squamous cell carcinoma	Scaly, ulcerated lesion with indurated edges, may bleed.	Skin biopsy, dermatoscopy.
Malignant melanoma	Asymmetric pigmented lesion with irregular borders, colour changes, and rapid growth.	Skin biopsy, dermatoscopy, genetic testing.