MANUAL MINORS
Soft tissue injuries of the foot include damage to muscles, tendons, ligaments, and fascia, caused by acute trauma, overuse, sprains, or contusions. These injuries are common in athletes and active individuals, and they can affect the mobility and function of the foot. Frequent examples include ankle sprains, tendinitis (such as Achilles tendinitis), and plantar fasciitis. The severity of these injuries ranges from mild to severe, with potential partial or complete tears.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a clinical history of trauma or overuse, associated with localised pain, swelling, and functional limitation. On physical examination, tenderness is found in the affected soft tissues, along with swelling and bruising.
Imaging studies such as ultrasound can be used to assess the condition of tendons and ligaments, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in more complex cases to confirm the diagnosis.
Differential Diagnosis
Condition | Key Difference |
|---|---|
Foot fracture | Pain associated with bone trauma, visible on X-rays. |
Morton’s neuroma | Neuropathic pain between the metatarsals, without ligament involvement. |
Bursitis | Inflammation of synovial bursae, with more localised pain and swelling. |
Foot osteoarthritis | Chronic pain with joint crepitus, visible on X-rays as joint wear. |
Emergency Management
Emergency management focuses on stabilisation, pain control, and reducing inflammation. The RICE protocol (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation) is fundamental for acute injuries. Analgesia with NSAIDs or painkillers may be prescribed, and in some cases, temporary immobilisation with splints is needed. The use of crutches or weight-bearing restrictions may also be necessary depending on the severity of the injury.
Definitive Treatment
Definitive treatment depends on the type of injury. For mild sprains and tendinitis, physiotherapy, stretching, and strengthening exercises are recommended. In more severe injuries, such as complete tendon or ligament tears, surgery may be necessary to repair the damaged tissue. A gradual return to physical activities is crucial to avoid relapse and ensure full recovery.
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