MANUAL MINORS
Soft tissue injuries of the hand include damage to tendons, ligaments, muscles, nerves, and skin, often caused by cuts, blows, falls, or repetitive movements. These injuries can range from mild contusions and sprains to ligament tears, tendon ruptures, and lacerations, which may compromise the hand’s motor and sensory function.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on the trauma history, observation of swelling, bruising, loss of motor or sensory function, and localised pain. A physical examination is essential to evaluate the integrity of tendons, ligaments, and nerves. Imaging studies, such as ultrasound or MRI, may be required to assess the extent of soft tissue damage.
Differential Diagnosis
Condition | Key Differences |
|---|---|
Hand bone fracture | Localised pain with bone crepitus, visible on X-rays. |
Ligament sprain | Pain and joint instability without tendon damage or fracture. |
Tendon rupture | Difficulty or inability to actively move the finger or hand. |
Hand infection (infectious tenosynovitis) | Swelling, warmth, and localised pain with a history of laceration or penetrating injury. |
Emergency Management
Immediate immobilisation of the hand to prevent further damage.
Application of ice and hand elevation to reduce swelling.
Administration of analgesics and anti-inflammatories to control pain.
For lacerations, wound cleaning and disinfection, with sutures if necessary.
Referral to a specialist if tendon or nerve damage is suspected for surgical evaluation.
Definitive Treatment
Treatment varies depending on the severity of the injury. Mild injuries may require immobilisation and rest, while tendon tears, ligament ruptures, or nerve damage may need surgical repair. Post-surgery or immobilisation, rehabilitation with physical therapy is essential to restore hand mobility, strength, and function.
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