MANUAL MINORS
Traumatic arthritis is the inflammation of a joint secondary to a direct or indirect injury to it, as a result of trauma, whether from a fracture, dislocation, or contusion. This condition is characterised by pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility in the affected joint. Inflammation occurs due to damage to the soft tissues, cartilage, or bone that make up the joint.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is based on the clinical history of trauma, along with a detailed physical examination evaluating signs of inflammation such as swelling, warmth, redness, and tenderness. Imaging studies, such as X-rays, are important to rule out fractures, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to assess the condition of the cartilage and ligaments.
Differential Diagnosis
Condition | Key Differences |
|---|---|
Septic arthritis | Fever, positive synovial fluid culture, systemic signs |
Rheumatoid arthritis | Symmetrical involvement of small joints, chronic |
Gout | Acute involvement of one joint, elevated uric acid levels |
Osteoarthritis | Degenerative, no recent traumatic history |
Emergency Management
Initial management in the emergency department includes immobilisation of the affected joint to prevent further damage, analgesia with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to control pain and inflammation, and in some cases, joint aspiration if a significant effusion is suspected. This helps to relieve pressure and analyse the synovial fluid for infections or crystals.
Definitive Treatment
Definitive treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the trauma. In cases of minor injuries, conservative management with physiotherapy may suffice. If there is severe structural damage such as fractures or ligament tears, a surgical approach may be necessary to repair the damaged tissues. Post-surgical rehabilitation is crucial for restoring joint function.
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