Ulcers and Lumps on the Cervix

CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL

Ulcers and lumps on the cervix are significant clinical findings that can indicate a variety of conditions, ranging from benign changes to malignant neoplasms. These abnormalities may be detected during a routine gynaecological examination or as a result of specific symptoms such as abnormal bleeding or pain.

Condition	Symptoms and Clinical Signs	Suspected Diagnosis	Confirmatory Diagnosis
Cervical Ectropion	Postcoital bleeding, mucous vaginal discharge	Physical examination revealing ectropion (eversion of glandular cells on the cervix)	Colposcopy
Nabothian Cyst	Generally asymptomatic, may present as small, smooth masses on the cervix	Pelvic examination showing small, smooth masses on the cervix	Transvaginal ultrasound
Cervical Polyps	Intermenstrual bleeding, postcoital bleeding, vaginal discharge	Pelvic examination showing polyps	Polyp biopsy
Cervicitis	Pelvic pain, postcoital bleeding, purulent vaginal discharge	History of infection symptoms, physical examination revealing inflammation	Cervical secretion culture, STI testing
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia	Generally asymptomatic in early stages, may have postcoital bleeding or abnormal vaginal discharge	Abnormal Pap smear	Colposcopy-guided biopsy
Cervical Carcinoma	Abnormal vaginal bleeding, postcoital bleeding, pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal discharge	History of persistent symptoms and pelvic examination revealing suspicious mass or ulcer	Cervical biopsy, imaging (such as MRI or CT) to assess extent